名词性从句
●主语从句
| 主语从句常出现在下面的三种结构中。 1.主语从句+谓语 That she will come to our party is certain. 2.It +be+形容词(名词词组、过去分词)+that从句 It is quite clear that the elephant is like a huge fan. It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. It is said that our school will be rebuilt. 在这种结构中,that引导的从句后置。而使用it作形式主语,它也可以与前面讲到的结构换用。用于该结构的形容词很多,常见的有: obvious,clear,likely,true,certain... 该结构中,由于使用了某些形容词、名词词组、过去分词,后面引导的主语从句要使用虚拟语气。关于这一点请参见《虚拟语气》一章。 另外,It is ...+ that...构成的句型有很多,请参见《It句型》。 3.It +seem(happen等不及物动词)+that从句 It seems that Mary is not coming at all. 用于该结构的不及物动词有:seem, happen, appear,matter...该结果有的可以用不定式结构转换。如上面句子可转换为: Mary doesn't seem to be coming at all. |
●宾语从句
| 宾语从句主要用于下面四种结构: 1.主语+谓语+that从句 The boy dreamed that he was flying to the moon. 这种结构在英语中最为普遍,用于这种结构的动词也很多:say, think, insist, wish, hope, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, propose, declare, demand, imagine, wonder, know, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, report... 在believe, think, suppose等词后,连词that常省去。 在表示请求、命令、建议的等词后的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气,请参见《虚拟语气》一章中“关于宾语从句中的虚拟语气”。 2.主语+谓语+wh-从句 We must find out who did all this. 在该结构中的宾语从句,实际上是一个特殊疑问句变化而来的。而且特别需要注意的是,宾语从句是一个陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise... 3.主语+谓语+whether(if)+从句 I want to know whether(if)he will join us this afternoon. 在该结构中whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是由一个一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用。具体的要求,后面详述。 4.主语+be+表语形容词+从句 I am afraid that I can't promise you anything. I am not sure whether(if)they are doing their best. 在该结构中,从句作形容词宾语,有的语法书认为是状语从句。用于这种结构的形容词常有:afraid, angry, amazed, anxious, glad, happy, pleased, sad, satisfied, sure, surprised, ashamed, astonished, certain, delighted, disappointed... 在口语中,特别是sure, sorry, afraid等形容词,that常省略。 “6123结构” |
●表语从句
| 表语从句主要是说明主语的内容。因此,含有表语从句的复合句中的主语通常是:①需要有内涵的名词。如:fact,
truth, explanation, problem, opinion, view等。②what引导的主语从句。 ①The fact is that he didn't finish his homework last night. Our belief is that things will improve. ②What I want to know is which dictionary I should buy. 另外:as if(as though)也可以用于表语从句。但多是以下面形式出现。 主语+look(seem)as if+从句 It looked as if it was going to snow. It seems as if there will be an election soon. |
●注意事项
| 一、关于宾语从句中否定转移问题 在某些句子结构中,按语意本应放在从句中的否定词not往往被移至主句的谓语动词中,这种现象叫做否定的转移。这种否定的转移,常出现在believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think,guess等动词中。 I don't think it will be very cold today. I don't expect Tom has eaten all the cake. I don't imagine they have finished the job yet. I don't suppose that I shall be back until eight. I don't believe that he can do it. 二、直接引语与间接引语 三、关于whether, if引导名词性从句的问题 四、that在引导名词性从句时的省略 五、名词性从句中的what使用 |