中考完型填空新思维
作者:夏建清
完型填空是各地中考英语试卷中的一项必不可少的题型,以考查学生综合运用英语的能力为目的。在母语教学中,我们常采用短文填空的方法来训练学生的理解及运用语言的能力,在外语教学中,我们也借用了这一题型,但为了降低其难度,或者说为了适应上世纪八十年代兴起的客观题的需要,作了改动,成了现在的完型填空。根据此题型的产生历史,经过多年的教学实践,对此题型注入新的思维,摸索出“先填空,后比对,再选择”的解题方法,训练效果不错。现结合一个题例介绍此法如下:
一、 通读全文,掌握大意
通读缺词的下列短文,掌握其大意不会有什么困难,但考生需注意,中考所选的文章,每篇都有一定的意义,或是记叙一件事情,或是说明一个事物,或是一则笑话,博得读者一笑,等等,总之,如果你读完后,并没发现作者为什么写这篇文章,即表明,你并没能完全读懂该文。
In the doctor’s waiting-room, __1__men and women were sitting on
their chairs. Bob, a school boy was among them. They all look sad
__2__ Bob. He was reading an __3__ story in a magazine, just then
the doctor came into saying he was ready for the next person. Bob
jumped up and __4__ the doctor’s room.
“What’s your trouble?” said the doctor. __5__ Bob could say a word,
the doctor made him __6__ on a bed, “Now, let me listen to your
heart” Bob tried to speak, but the doctor stopped and told him not
to say anything.
“I will __7__ your temperature.” Bob tried to sit up, but the doctor
stopped him. After a moment, the doctor said, “Well, boy, you don’t
__8__, in fact, there’s __9__ with you.”
“I know there isn’t,” said Bob, “I just come here to fetch __10__
medicine for my father.”
二、 分析填空,比对选项
根据上下文,对缺词句进行语法和文意的分析,填入恰当的词,使文章通顺。例如:In the doctor’s waiting-room,
__1__men and women were sitting on their
chairs.既然是在医生的候诊室,大部分人当然是等待就诊的病人,所以第一个空格应该填入“生病的”这一形容词作定语,当然是sick.
考生很容易想到ill 这一词,但ill 表示“生病的”只是一个表语形容词,不可作定语。
之后与选项对比,B 即是正确答案。
1. A. ill B. sick C. wrong D. sickness
不过更多的时候可能是填入的词与所有的选项都不同,比如:“I just come here to fetch __10__
medicine for my
father.”我们知道,medicine是不可数名词,所以填入some是很容易想到的,但与选项一对比,并非如此,不过,有了刚才的思考,A与D选项很容易排除,因为它们只用在可数名词之前,因此,B作为正确选项就不难选出来了。
10. A. a B. a bottle of C. a bottle D. one
三、 作出选择,复读检查
在完成了上两项任务后,就基本做完了该题,许多考生并不注意复读检查这一重要环节,以为是浪费时间,其实,复读检查已完全不同于第一遍阅读――缺词阅读,而是完整的阅读,这样更能从语感方面进一步把握全文,从而作出必要的修正。
现把各选项提供如下,亲爱的读者,不妨试试以上方法,看看正确率与平时做此类中考模拟题是否有所提高。
1. A. ill B. sick C. wrong D. sickness
2. A. except B. and C. beside D. together
3. A. interest B. interested C. interests D.
interesting
4. A. ran into B. runs into C. running into D. ran
away
5. A. After B. As soon as C. When D. Before
6. A. lie down B. lied down C. lies D. lay down
7. A. try B. do C. make D. take
8. A. had a fever B. have a fever C. have an ill D. have a
mistake
9. A. something wrong B. wrong something
C. nothing wrong D. anything wrong
10. A. a B. a bottle of C. a bottle D. one
附参考答案:1-5 B A D A D 6-10 A D B C B
该文发表于《英语辅导》2003年第7期